The lack of inclusivity in studies has left doctors with a more limited understanding of the health of female and intersex people. As a result, many studies from before the 1990s are flawed. However, the important biological differences between the sexes can influence how diseases, drugs, and other therapies affect people. This meant that a vast amount of research only involved male participants. In the past, many scientists believed that males made the best test subjects because they do not have menstrual cycles and cannot become pregnant. Inequity in medical research reinforces gender bias. A 2019 report on sexism at the British Medical Association discovered a culture of bullying and harassment towards women healthcare professionals and staff. Other analyses have reached similar conclusions. While these problems diminished over time, the participants’ levels of seniority and professional experience did not put a stop to them. A 2020 study of older women doctors found that age- and gender-based harassment, discrimination, and salary inequity persisted throughout their careers. Gender bias also leads to discrimination against health workers. Workplace harassment, bullying, and discrimination This was true even though 40% of the participants were women. The study also found that doctors were more likely to treat women’s pain as a product of a mental health condition, rather than a physical condition.Ī 2018 survey of physicians and dentists arrived at similar conclusions: Many of these healthcare professionals believed that women exaggerate their pain. For example, a 2018 study found that doctors often view men with chronic pain as “brave” or “stoic,” but view women with chronic pain as “emotional” or “hysterical.” Stereotypes about gender affect how doctors treat illnesses and approach their patients. Some examples include: Disbelief in symptoms Gender bias is present throughout the healthcare system, from the interactions between patients and doctors to the medical research and policies that govern it. In addition, this bias can impact boys and men who feel pressure to conform to rigid gender norms. Gender bias can also affect others whom people perceive as feminine, such as trans and nonbinary people. This is because bias can be conscious or unconscious.īias that a person recognizes is “explicit,” while bias that a person is unaware of is “implicit.” Implicit bias comes from the messages that people unknowingly absorb about gender throughout their lives.īoth explicit and implicit biases influence behavior, which leads to discrimination and reinforces inequity.īecause most cultures place a higher value on men and masculinity, gender bias affects women and girls most severely. Often, these biases overlap.Īlmost everyone has some form of gender bias, whether or not they are aware of it. People can have biases about both sex and gender. Gender is based on how someone identifies, while sex refers to biological characteristics, such as genitalia. A gender-responsive NAP is the tool we need to address the gender injustices experienced in all areas of climate adaptation, from planning processes to the implementation of adaptation actions.Gender bias is a type of prejudice that favors one gender over another. At the same time, we share learning and synthesize progress in integrating gender in NAP processes. Since 2017, we have partnered with governments in 13 countries to support the integration of gender considerations in their NAP processes. Countries are increasingly using their NAP processes to realize gender-responsive climate action and act on the Gender Action Plan (GAP) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
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